History of computer

Computer:Computer is derived from a Latin word ‘Computare’ which means calculate .So, a/c to this definition, Computer is a machine which can perform calculations at very high speed. In other words, Computer is defined as a digital and automatic device which takes input from the user, processes it, stores if necessary and gives output in the desired form.Evolution of computers:1. Age of Mechanical calculators:-Abacus-It was the earliest counting device which was discovered in China. It could only add and subtract.John Napier and his rods-Scottish mathematician John Napier invented a principle of calculation called logarithm in 1614 and based on same principle, he invented Napier’s Bone in 1617 which could do multiplication faster.Slide Rule-English mathematician William Aughterd discovered a device with two rulers for calculation, which was also based on Napier’s principle in 1620, called Slide Rule. This could perform multiplication and division and was the first analog device.Blaise Pascal-French mathematician Blaise Pascal made the first mechanical calculator in1642 called Pascal’s computer, which can do addition and subtraction up to 8 digits. Pascal’s calculator had some cogs and gears rotating in compliment to each other.Stepped Reckoner-German mathematician G.V. Leibniz modified the Pascal’s calculator and used the same principle to invent his new machine called Stepped Reckoner in 1671 which could do addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and also could find out square root.Jacquard’s Loom and Punch Cards-Joseph Marie Jacquard who was known as the “father of punch card” discovered a mechanism for automated weaving of clothes in 1802,which was based on a principle of present and absence of some holes in which later, principle of punch cards were developed.Charles Babbage-He developed two electromechanical calculations called Difference engine(1822)and Analytical Engine(1833)which was a big achievement in the history of computer. He has also invented the working principle of computers, So he is also know as “father of computer”.Lady Augusta Ada Lovelace-She was a follower of Babbage and was first to Babbage to use binary system in his machine. And she was the “first programmer”.George Boole-A mathematician George Boole studied and presented the symbolic logics called “Boolean Algebra” which are the foundation of modern computers. This logic provided basic idea of presenting the electric circuits with binary input and output (0 or 1).Dr. Herman Hollerith-He was a census statician in US bureau of statics who invented a machine called Tabulating Machine ™ in 1886 which could process on the punch cards and perform census calculating faster than ever before. He established a company called International Business Machine (IBM) in 1923, which is the largest computer manufacturing company in this world till today.

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